Auction Details - AUCTION ALREADY HELD
ORDERS, DECORATIONS, CAMPAIGN MEDALS AND MILITARIA
Auctioneer: Spink Location: 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 4ET
Contact: Tel: +44 (0)20 7563 4000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7563 4066
Date: 23rd April 2015 Time: 10:00AM
Details: Wednesday 22 April 2015 10.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.
Private Viewing by appointment only
Page: 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14  
Auction Lots - Page 12
551
  Great War Bronze Memorial Plaque (2) (Frank Albert Gambrill; Richard Percy Poole), good very fine Great War Memorial Scroll (Pte. Ernest Cornish, Essex Reg.), good very fine £120-160
Footnote: 21322 Private Frank Albert Gambrill, served with the 4th Battalion Grenadier Guards during the Great War on the Western Front; killed in action 27.9.1915, and is commemorated upon the Loos Memorial, France.
22197 Private Richard Percy Poole, served with the 11th Battalion Worcestershire Regiment during the Great War; killed in action in Mesopotamia 26.2.1917 and is buried in Karasouli Military Cemetery, Greece.
201158 Private Ernest Cornish, served with the Bedfordshire Regiment and later "D" Company 4th Battalion the Essex Regiment during the Great War; killed in action in Palestine, 27.3.1917 and is commemorated upon the Jerusalem Memorial.

552
  Great War Bronze Memorial Plaque (3) (Harry Glyn Vivian Poole; Harry Ray; Walter Edward Quarrinton), good very fine (3) £80-120
Footnote: 314626 Sapper Harry Glyn Vivian Poole, served at the Signal School Training Centre, Royal Engineers; died 7.6.1919, and is buried in Newport (Christchurch) Cemetery.
3398 Rifleman Walter Edward Quarrinton, served with the 3rd Battalion King's Royal Rifle Corps during the Great War on the Western Front; killed in action 23.8.1915, and is buried in Chapelle-d'Armentieres Old Military Cemetery, France.
There are three men with the name Harry Ray on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission roll.

553
  Naval General Service 1915-62 (2), G.V.R., one clasp, Persian Gulf 1909-1914 (J.900. J.R. Macdonald, A.B. H.M.S. Hyacinth.), with minor official corrections; G.VI.R., one clasp, Palestine 1945-48 (C/KX769705. Sto.1. J. Dadson.), a slightly later issue, light contact marks, generally good very fine (2) £120-160
Footnote:
554
  Naval General Service 1915-62 (2), G.VI.R., one clasp, Malaya (C/SMX. 819066 J.J. Smith S.B.A. R.N.); E.II.R., one clasp, Near East (D/M.953090 M.D. Clarke. Wtr. R.N.), good very fine (2) £140-180
555
  General Service 1918-62, G.V.R., one clasp (2), Iraq (189030 Gnr. T.W.H. Harrison. R.A.); N.W. Persia (4737479 Pte. E.A. Wildsmith. Y. & L.R.), very fine (2) £100-140
556
  General Service 1918-62, G.V.R., one clasp (2), Iraq (226073 Gnr. T. Brackenridge. R.A.); N.W. Persia (1600 Sepoy Aulia Khan. 74 - Punjabis.), suspension loose on first, generally nearly very fine (2) £60-80
557
  General Service 1918-62 (3), G.VI.R., one clasp, Palestine (3308386 Pte. T. Wilson. H.L.I.); E.II.R., one clasp (2), Malaya (23471594 Pte. C.G. Fitzgerald. S.W.B.); Cyprus (22998427 Sgt. S.E. Roberts. L.F.), generally very fine (3) £100-140
558
  General Service 1918-62, G.VI.R., one clasp (2), Palestine (3958756 Pte. T. Ashford. Welch. R.); Palestine 1945-48 (2385758 Sigmn. R.S. Harkins. R. Sigs.), toned, light pitting to first, otherwise nearly extremely fine, the second extremely fine, latter in named card box of issue (2) £140-180
559
  General Service 1918-62 (2), G.VI.R., one clasp, Palestine 1945-48 (AS.13891 Pte. D. Tokonye. A.P.C.), surname partially officially corrected; E.II.R., one clasp, Brunei (2354 FF. Res. Inang. Sarawak Police.), very fine General Service 1962-2007, one clasp, Northern Ireland (24165885 Sig. M.L. Ball R. Signals), very fine (3) £120-160
560
  General Service 1918-62, G.VI.R., one clasp, Malaya (2) (22602541 Pte. J.D. Barker. Suffolk.; 4127230 Cpl. W. Jarvis. Manch.), generally nearly very fine (2) £60-80
561
  General Service 1918-62, G.VI.R., one clasp, Malaya (4018079. L.A.C. D.J. Denton. R.A.F.), good very fine General Service 1962-2007, one clasp, South Arabia (C 4279166 LAC. W. Loughton. R.A.F.), good very fine (2) £70-90
562
  General Service 1918-62, G.VI.R., one clasp, Malaya (W/161838 Cpl. J. Dowling. W.R.A.C.), struck on a thinner flan, extremely fine, with named box of issue and medal office enclosure £50-60
563
  General Service 1918-62, E.II.R., one clasp (2), Malaya (1907519 Sgt. T. Galvin. R.A.F.); Near East (22783997 Spr. D.J. Healing. R.E.), initials officially corrected on latter, light contact marks and traces of lacquer to first, good very fine or better (2) £80-120
564
Click to view full image... General Service 1918-62, E.II.R., one clasp, Canal Zone (22431235 Spr M P Smith RE), extremely fine, with named card box of issue £180-220
565
  General Service 1918-62, E.II.R., one clasp, Cyprus (4184948 L.A.C. P.K. Rayner R.A.F.), good very fine General Service 1962-2007, one clasp, South Arabia (P4278214 LAC. M.D.N. Williams. R.A.F.), extremely fine (2) £80-120
566
  General Service 1918-62, E.II.R., one clasp, Brunei (1330854 Cpl. S.B. Wood. R.A.F.), minor contact marks, very fine £140-180
567
  India General Service 1936-39, one clasp (2), North West Frontier 1936-37 (7883801 Pte. A.G. Lanfear. R. Tank C.); North West Frontier 1937-39, top lugs removed (6202237 Sigmn. R.H. Roberts. R. Sigs.), second lacquered, nearly extremely fine (2) £120-160
568
  Second World War Medals (14), 1939-1945 Star; Atlantic Star, with France and Germany Bar; Africa Star; Burma Star; Italy Star; France and Germany Star; Defence Medal; War Medal; Canadian Volunteer Service Medal; Australia Service Medal (128097 R.L. Matthews.); New Zealand War Service Medal; India Service Medal; Africa Service Medal (47371 A.J.K. Waite); South African Medal for War Services, generally good very fine or better, together with a Dunkirk Commemorative Medal (15) £60-80
569
  Second World War Medals (20), 1939-1945 Star (6); Africa Star; Burma Star; Italy Star (2); France and Germany Star; Defence Medal (5); War Medal (4), generally good very fine or better (20) £60-80
570
  Southern Rhodesia War Service Medal, unnamed as issued, good very fine £200-240
571
  Korea 1950-53, 1st 'Britt: Omn:' type (D/SSX. 795619 H. Scott A.B. R.N.), very fine £80-120
572
  Korea 1950-53, 1st 'Britt: Omn:' type (22632693 Sigmn. K. Douglas. R. Sigs.), good very fine £80-120
573
  General Service 1962-2007, one clasp, Borneo (2) (J.977655 T.A. Sands. A.B. R.N.; 4251369 S.A.C. M.J. Wilburn R.A.F.), generally very fine or better (2) £60-80
574
  General Service 1962-2007, one clasp (2), Borneo (24032365 Gnr. R.J.H. Howland. RA.); Malay Peninsula (074865 E.C. Abery. J.M.(E).1. R.N.), good very fine (2) £80-120
575
  General Service 1962-2007, one clasp, Northern Ireland (2) (24227141 Fus. W. Mairah RRF.; 24155588 Gnr. M.T. Ainsworth RA.), generally very fine or better (2) £60-80
576
  General Service 1962-2007 (2), one clasp, Northern Ireland (24399185 Pte S Jenkins ACC); two clasps, Radfan, South Arabia, unofficial retaining rod between clasps (23672882 Sgt. D. White. RASC.), good very fine or better (2) £100-140
577
  General Service 1962-2007, one clasp, Dhofar (K8097909 LAC E Williams RAF), extremely fine £160-200
578
  General Service 1962-2007, two clasps, Borneo, South Arabia (23889077 Pte. J.N. Campbell. A & SH.), nearly extremely fine £70-90
579
  General Service 1962-2007, three clasps, Radfan, South Arabia, Borneo (23872806 L/Cpl. R. Butler. RE), edge bruise, otherwise good very fine £100-140
580
Click to view full image... Vietnam 1964-73 (1734668 G.D. Pollock), extremely fine £180-220
Footnote: 1734668 Private Graham Dunford Pollock, born Mackay, Queensland, 9.9.1948; served with the Royal Australian Infantry Corps in Vietnam from 16.7.1969; posted to 9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, 6.8.1969; Headquarters, 1st Australian Logistic Support Group, 19.11.1969; returned to Australia, 25.6.1970.
581
Click to view full image... South Atlantic 1982, with rosette (RO2(G) R. Marshall D182704L HMS Hermes), extremely fine, with named card box of issue £500-700
Footnote: The Flagship of the Royal Navy Task Force, H.M.S. Hermes, in company with H.M.S. Invincible, shared in the provision of almost all the air power of the campaign, her operational capacity amounting to 15 Sea Harriers and six Harrier GR3's, in addition to assorted helicopter types.
582
Click to view full image... Iraq 2003-11, one clasp, 19 Mar to 28 Apr 2003 (25113748 Cfn G J Shaw REME), extremely fine, with named card box of issue and rosette for riband bar £160-200

MEDALS TO THE MILLER FAMILY

583
Click to view full image... Indian Mutiny 1857-58, no clasp (Ensign. J. Miller. 27th. Bengal N.I.), nearly extremely fine £340-380
Footnote: Major-General James Miller, born October 1835, the son of John Miller, Esq., and the grandson of Sir William Miller, 2nd Baronet; educated at Edinburgh Academy and Addiscombe; Commissioned Ensign, 27th Bengal Native Infantry, June 1855, and served with the 27th N.I. and 16th Punjab Infantry during the Indian Mutiny; promoted Lieutenant, September 1857; served in the Bengal Saff Corps, and 28th Punjab Infantry; promoted Captain, June 1867; appointed Squadron Officer, 1 Central India Horse; promoted Major, June 1875; appointed Second in Command and Wing Commander, Malwa Bheel Corps and Bhopal Battalion; promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, June 1881; Colonel, June 1885; Major-General, November 1886; died, 20.3.1929. At the time of his death, General Miller was one of the last, if not the last, surviving veterans of the Indian Mutiny.
584
Click to view full image...Click to view full image... Six: Lieutenant T.G.A. Miller, Duke of Edinburgh's Own Volunteer Rifles and Intelligence Department, Later Light Horse Regiment, Australian Imperial Force British South Africa Company's Medal 1890-97, for Rhodesia 1896, no clasp (Tpr. T.G.A. Miller, Matab. Rle. Fce.); Cape of Good Hope General Service 1880-97, one clasp, Bechuanaland (Lieut. T.G.A. Miller. Intell. Dept.); Queen's South Africa 1899-1902, one clasp, Cape Colony (Lieut: T.G.A. Miller, D.E.O.V.Rif:); 1914-15 Star (285 Cpl. T.G.A. Miller. 2/L.H.Rgt. A.I.F.); British War Medal (285 Pte. T.G.A. Miller. 2/L.H.Rgt. A.I.F.); Victory Medal (285 Cpl. T.G.A. Miller. 2-L.H.R. A.I.F.), edge bruise to first and third, otherwise extremely fine, a rare combination (6) £800-1,200
Footnote: Lieutenant Thomas George Alexander Miller, born July 1869, the son of Sir Thomas Macdonald Miller, 4th Baronet, and the brother of Sir William Frederick Miller, 5th Baronet, and Francis Macdonald Miller; served in the Matabeleland campaign, the Bechuanaland campaign, and in the Boer War; subsequently emigrated to Rockhampton, Queensland; enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force, 20.8.1914, and served during the Great War with 'B' Squadron, 2nd Australian Light Horse Regiment (severely wounded); returned to Australia, 17.10.1916; died, 28.6.1939.
585
Click to view full image... Four: Captain Sir W.F. Miller, Bt., British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Late Imperial Yeomanry Queen's South Africa 1899-1902, four clasps, Cape Colony, Rhodesia, Orange Free State, Transvaal (Lieut. Sir W.F. Miller. Bart. 18/Impl. Yeo.); 1914 Star (Sir W.F. Miller. B.R.C.S.& O.St.J.J.); British War and Victory Medals (Capt. Sir W.F. Miller Bt.), good very fine, mounted as worn and housed in a Gaunt, London, leather case (4) £300-400
Footnote: Captain Sir William Frederick Miller, Bt., born April 1868, the son of Sir Thomas Macdonald Miller, 4th Baronet, and the brother of Thomas George Alexander Miller and Francis Macdonald Miller; succeeded to the Baronetcy on the death of his father, September 1875; educated at Harrow; Commissioned Second Lieutenant, 3rd Battalion, Princess of Wales's Own Yorkshire Regiment, 1886; retired, 1887; served with the 18th (Queen's Own Royal Glasgow and Lower Ward of Lanark) Company, 6th Battalion Imperial Yeomanry during the Boer War; promoted Lieutenant, 3.7.1901; subsequently served during the Great War with the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; appointed Staff Captain, 17th Corps, British Expeditionary Force, wounded, 29.9.1918; died, 20.12.1948.
586
  Pair: Private F.M. Miller, Australian Imperial Force British War and Victory Medals (7515 Pte. F.M. Miller. 15-Bn. A.I.F.), good very fine, with named card box of issue (2) £80-120
Footnote: 7515 Private Francis Macdonald Miller, born March 1870, the son of Sir Thomas Macdonald Miller, 4th Baronet, and the brother of Sir William Frederick Miller, 5th Baronet, and Thomas George Alexander Miller; enlisted in the 9th Infantry Battalion, Australian Imperial Force, 14.6.1917, and served during the Great War; killed in action, 4.7.1918, whilst serving with the 15th Infantry Battalion on the Western Front, and is buried in Crucifix Corner Cemetery, France.

CAMPAIGN GROUPS AND PAIRS

587
Click to view full image... Pair: Captain T.F. Birch, Royal Navy China 1842 (Thos. F. Birch, Lieut. H.M.S. Modeste.); Baltic 1854, unnamed as issued, good very fine (2) £1,000-1,400
Footnote: Captain Thomas Francis Birch, joined the Royal Navy, December 1830; passed his examination, 1837; served as Mate in H.M.S. Beagle (Captain J. Wickham), in Australia; promoted Lieutenant, July 1840, and appointed the same month to H.M.S. Melville (flag-ship of Rear-Admiral Hon. G. Elliot), in the East Indies; after briefly serving in the Britomart he was appointed First Lieutenant, H.M.S. Modeste (Captain R. Watson), August 1841; he served with the 'latter vessel during the campaign China, he landed with the troops at the reduction of Chinghae, 10.10.1841 - ably commanded the boats of the Modeste and E.I.C.'s ship Sesostris at the defence of Ningpo, 10.3.1842 - and was employed on shore at the capture of Chapoo and of the batteries of Woosung, 28th May and 16th June, 1842. (London Gazette 1842, pp. 396, 2388, 3694, 3400). For these services he was promoted to the rank of Commander 30.12.1842 (London Gazette 1842 p 3900)' (O'Byrne refers); commanded H.M.S. Waterwitch, 1844-1847, in the suppression of the slave trade on the coast of Africa; Captain 1850; commanded H.M.S. Esk during the Baltic Campaign, 1855.
588
Click to view full image... Pair: Colour Sergeant J. Varney, 32nd Foot Punjab 1848-49, two clasps, Mooltan, Goojerat (Private John Varney. H.M.'s ... Foot); India General Service 1854-95, one clasp, Northwest Frontier (3142 Corpl. J. Varney H,M 32nd. Regt.), heavy contact marks to first, therefore nearly very fine, the second better (2) £500-700
Footnote: 3142 Corporal John Varney, born Summertown, Oxford, 1824; enlisted in the 32nd Foot, June 1846; promoted Corporal, January 1851; Sergeant, February 1853; served with the Regiment in India during the Sepoy Mutiny and present at the Defence of Lucknow (received medal with clasp); promoted Colour Sergeant, December 1858; discharged, August 1861, after 16 years and 46 days with the Colours.
589
Click to view full image... Pair: Corporal W. Johnson, 1st European Fusiliers Punjab 1848-49, two clasps, Mooltan, Goojerat (Corpl. Wm. Johnson, 1st. Eur. Fus.); Indian Mutiny 1857-58, no clasp (Wm. Johnson, 1st. Bombay Eurn. Fusrs.), minor edge bruising and light contact marks, very fine (2) £500-700
590
Click to view full image... Three: Corporal J. Hilson, 79th Highlanders Crimea 1854-56, three clasps, Alma, Balaklava, Sebastopol (Corpl. Jas. Hilson. 79th. Regt.) officially impressed; Indian Mutiny 1857-58, one clasp, Lucknow (Jas. Hilson, 79th. Highlanders); Turkish Crimea, Sardinian die, a contemporary 'Hunt and Roskell' striking, with small ring suspension, contact marks and edge bruising, nearly very fine (3) £500-700
Footnote: 3344 Corporal James Hilson, born Dalkeith, Scotland; enlisted in the 79th Highlanders, February 1853; served with the Regiment in Turkey and the Crimea for 2 years 43 days, and in India for 14 years 100 days; discharged, February 1875.
Note: The medal roll for the Crimea shows he is not entitled to the Balaklava clasp; however, the medal appears entirely as issued.
591
  Three: Sergeant W. Hayes, Rifle Brigade Crimea 1854-56, one clasp, Sebastopol (W. Hayes. 1st. Batn. Rifle Bde.), officially impressed; Army Long Service & G.C., V.R. (4676 Sergt. Cook W Hayes 1st. Bn. Rifle Brigade); Turkish Crimea, Sardinian die (W. Hayes, 1.R.B.), contemporarily engraved in serif capitals, pierced as issued, heavy contact marks and edge bruising to first and third, otherwise nearly very fine (3) £240-280
592
Click to view full image... Pair: Private J. Mobbs, Cape Mounted Rifles South Africa 1877-79, one clasp, 1877-8-9 (Pte. J. Mobbs. C.M. Rifles.); British South Africa Company's Medal 1890-97, for Rhodesia 1896, no clasp (Tpr. J. Mobbs, Municipal. Police.), minor edge bruising, good very fine (2) £500-700
593
Click to view full image... Three: Staff Sergeant Collar Maker P. Burns, Army Service Corps, Late Commissariat and Transport Corps Egypt 1882-89, dated, two clasps, Tel-el-Kebir, Suakin 1885 (2600 Pte. P. Burns. 12th... & T.C.); Queen's South Africa 1899-1902, three clasps, Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Transvaal (2600 S:S:Cr:Mr: P. Burns, A.S.C.); Khedive's Star 1882, unnamed as issued, pitting to first from Star, nearly very fine, the QSA good very fine (3) £240-280
Footnote: 2600 Staff Sergeant Collar Maker Patrick Burns, born Shankill, Belfast, 1856; enlisted in the Commissariat and Transport Corps, June 1879, having previously served in the Royal Antrim Rifles; served in Egypt, August 1882 to March 1883 and February to August 1885, and in South Africa, October 1899 to June 1901; discharged, 5.6.1903.
594
  Pair: Private J. Roberts, Royal West Kent Regiment Egypt 1882-89, dated, no clasp (...Pte. J. Roberts 1/R.W. Kent); Khedive's Star 1882, unnamed as issued, suspension slack, edge details worn, good fine (2) £80-120
Footnote: 1304 Private James Roberts, born Truro, Cornwall, 1851; enlisted in the Royal West Kent Regiment, September 1870; discharged, February 1892, after 21 years and 266 days with the Colours.
595
  Pair: Private W. Burt, Gordon Highlanders Egypt 1882-89, undated, two clasps, El-Teb_Tamaai, The Nile 1884-85 (2150. Pte. W. Burt. 1/Gord: Highrs.); Khedive's Star 1884, unnamed as issued, heavy pitting, nearly very fine (2) £180-220
596
  Three: Private S. McMillan, Cameron Highlanders Queen's Sudan 1896-98 (4007, Pte. S. Mc.Millan. 1/Cam: Hrs:); Queen's South Africa 1899-1902, two clasps, Cape Colony, Orange Free State (4007 Pte. S. Mc.Millan, 1st. Cam'n. Highrs.); Khedive's Sudan 1896-1908, no clasp (4007 Pte. Mc.Millan. 1 Cam. Highrs.), additional blank 'clasp' attached above OFS clasp on QSA, light contact marks and minor edge bruising, otherwise very fine (3) £380-420
Footnote: 4007 Private S. McMillan, served with the 1st Battalion Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders in the Sudan, where he took part in the Expedition to Khartoum, 1898, and in South Africa; invalided to England and entitled to a two-clasp Queen's South Africa Medal; most of the rest of the Battalion received three clasps to their medals, therefore possibly explaining the inclusion of the blank 'clasp' in his group.
597
Click to view full image... Pair: Private R. Badger, 21st Lancers Queen's Sudan 1896-98 (3491. Pte. R. Badger. 21/Lancers.); Khedive's Sudan 1896-1908, one clasp, Khartoum (Pte. R. Badger 21st. Lcrs.), light contact marks, nearly very fine (2) £1,800-2,200
Footnote: 3491 Private R. Badger, took part in the celebrated charge at Omdurman, 2.9.1898, whilst serving in Captain W.M. Doyne's 'C' Squadron, 21st Lancers.
598
  Four: Private T. Shorthouse, Somerset Light Infantry India General Service 1895-1902, V.R., one clasp, Punjab Frontier 1897-98 (4278 Pte. T. Shorthouse 1st. Bn. Som: Lt. Infy.); 1914 Star (4278 Pte. T. Shorthouse. 1/Som: L.I.); British War and Victory Medals (4278 Pte. T. Shorthouse. Som. L.I.), Star and VM mottled, minor edge bruising, nearly very fine (4) £160-200
599
  Five: Private P. Shankland, Later P. Kay, Highland Light Infantry Queen's South Africa 1899-1902, three clasps, Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Transvaal (6723 Pte. P. Shankland. Highland L.I.); King's South Africa 1901-02, two clasps (6723 Pte. P. Shankland. Highland L.I.); 1914-15 Star (6723 Pte. P. Kay. High. L.I.); British War and Victory Medals (6723 Pte. P. Kay. H.L.I.), surname and unit officially corrected on BWM and VM, edge bruise to first, nearly very fine or better (5) £180-220
Footnote: 6723 Private Peter Shankland, later Peter Kay, born 1880; enlisted in the Highland Light Infantry, October 1898; served with the Regiment in South Africa, 27.7.1900-11.1.1903, and during the Great War on the Western Front from 29.11.1914; discharged, 2.11.1915, after 17 years and 6 days with the Colours.
The recipient's Medal Index Card shows that his Great War Medals were issued to him under the name of Shankland; subsequently received back for alteration and re-issued with the name Kay.
600
  Pair: Private W. Quinn, Manchester Regiment Queen's South Africa 1899-1902, three clasps, Cape Colony, Transvaal, Wittebergen (5528 Pte. W. Quinn. Manchester Regt.); King's South Africa 1901-02, two clasps (5528 Pte. W. Quinn. Manch: Regt.), heavy edge bruising and contact marks, therefore fine King's South Africa 1901-02, two clasps (4129 Pte. W. Funnell. S. Stafford: Regt.), edge bruising, nearly very fine (3) £160-200
Auction Details - AUCTION ALREADY HELD
ORDERS, DECORATIONS, CAMPAIGN MEDALS AND MILITARIA
Auctioneer: Spink Location: 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 4ET
Contact: Tel: +44 (0)20 7563 4000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7563 4066
Date: 23rd April 2015 Time: 10:00AM
Details: Wednesday 22 April 2015 10.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.
Private Viewing by appointment only
Page: 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14